Structure
Eukaryotic Cells have membrane-bound nucleus. Eukaryotes are animals, plants, fungi(Mushroom), and protists(Algae, Plankton). All eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, genetic material, a plasma membrane, ribosomes, and cytoplasm. Most eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound internal structures called organelles. Organelles include mitochondria, golgi bodies, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles. All plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose, a large central vacuole, and chloroplasts. For a visual look at picture on left.
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Function
The nucleus store all the information(stored in DNA) the cell needs to grow, reproduce, and function. The nucleus also contains a nucleolus, small round body, that holds nucleic acids and proteins. The nuclear membrane has pores through which the contents of the nucleus communicate with the rest of the cell. The nuclear membrane tightly controls what gets into the nucleus and what gets out. This regulation of communication by the nuclear membrane has a great effect on what a cell looks like and what it does.
Chromosomes are also located in the nucleus and are basically organized structures of DNA and proteins. In eukaryotes, the chromosomal DNA is packaged and organized into a condensed structure called chromatin. Chromosomes are single pieces of DNA along with genes, proteins, and nucleotides, and chromatin is a condensed package of chromosomes that basically allows all the necessary DNA to fit inside the nucleus.
The plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells is responsible for controlling what gets into and out of the cell. A series of proteins stuck in the membrane help the cell communicate with the surrounding environment. Among other things, this communication can include
The cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells is a gel-like, yet fluid, substance in which all of the other cellular components are suspended, including all of the organelles. The underlying structure and function of the cytoplasm, and of the cell itself, is largely determined by the cytoskeleton, a protein framework along which particles in the cell, including proteins, ribosomes, and organelles, move around.
Cell Wall is a part of plant cells.
Vacuoles are storage bubbles found in cells. They are found in both animal and plant cells but are much larger in plant cells. Vacuoles might store food or any variety of nutrients a cell might need to survive. They can even store waste products so the rest of the cell is protected from contamination.
Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide gas to produce food for the plant.
Chromosomes are also located in the nucleus and are basically organized structures of DNA and proteins. In eukaryotes, the chromosomal DNA is packaged and organized into a condensed structure called chromatin. Chromosomes are single pieces of DNA along with genes, proteins, and nucleotides, and chromatin is a condensed package of chromosomes that basically allows all the necessary DNA to fit inside the nucleus.
The plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells is responsible for controlling what gets into and out of the cell. A series of proteins stuck in the membrane help the cell communicate with the surrounding environment. Among other things, this communication can include
- Sending and receiving chemical signals from other eukaryotic cells
- Interacting with the cells of prokaryotic organisms during the process of infection.
The cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells is a gel-like, yet fluid, substance in which all of the other cellular components are suspended, including all of the organelles. The underlying structure and function of the cytoplasm, and of the cell itself, is largely determined by the cytoskeleton, a protein framework along which particles in the cell, including proteins, ribosomes, and organelles, move around.
Cell Wall is a part of plant cells.
- Provides structural support.
- Protection against infection and mechanical stress.
- Separates interior of the cell from the outer environment.
- It enables transport of substances and information from the cell insides to the exterior and vice versa.
- Prevents water loss.
- The physiological and biochemical activity of the cell wall helps in cell-cell communication.
- It prevents the cell from rupturing due to tugor pressure.
- Aids in diffusion of gases in and out of the cell.
- Also provides mechanical protection from insects and pathogens.
Vacuoles are storage bubbles found in cells. They are found in both animal and plant cells but are much larger in plant cells. Vacuoles might store food or any variety of nutrients a cell might need to survive. They can even store waste products so the rest of the cell is protected from contamination.
Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide gas to produce food for the plant.